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Что такое иван-чай

Иван-чай (научное название — кипрей узколистный) — многолетнее растение семейства кипрейные достигающее в высоту 1,5 м, с ланцетовидными листьями и собранными длинной верхушечной кистью лилово-красными (реже бледно-розовыми или белыми) цветками, имеющее толстое ползущее корневище с многочисленными побегами. Цветение иван-чая длится с середины июня до середины августа (в этот период иван-чай является еще и отменным медоносом), а плоды кипрея узколистного созревают в августе — сентябре.

Неприхотливый к условиям произрастания иван-чай можно встретить на сухих песчаных или торфянистых почвах, вблизи сосновых боров и проселочных дорог, на лугах и пустырях, на лесных опушках и вырубках, по берегам рек и озер, а также в виде сорняка в садах или огородах.

За всю свою историю существования в природе иван-чай приобрел множество названий, большинство из которых обусловлено теми или иными свойствами или характерными особенностями этого лекарственного растения. Так, например, такие названия кипрея узколистного как «верба-трава», «ива трава», «ивовая трава» говорят о внешнем сходстве листьев иван-чая и ивы. «Пожарником» или «огненной травой» иван-чай издавна именовали из-за его уникальной способности первым из растений заселять места пожарищ. Имена «дремуха» и «дрема» были даны иван-чаю за его выраженное снотворное свойство. Благодаря обильному пуху, сопровождающему цветение иван-чая, в народе кипрей узколистный с давних пор окрестили «пуховиком» или «пушником». А из-за того, что стебель кипрея при выдергивании растения из земли издает в руках скрип, возникли и такие названия иван-чая как «плакун», «скрипун», «скрыпень», «скрыпун», «скрипен», «скрыпник», «скрыпей», «лесной скрыпий», «скрипен», «скрипица», «скрипел», «скрипт». В списке весьма многочисленных и выразительных русских имен иван-чая также можно отметить и такие как: «курильский чай», «копорский чай», «копорка», «хлебница», «сорочьи глаза», «богородицына трава», «елушник», «дятельник», «боровое зелье», «копыл трава», «хрипняк», «хрыпник», «хрепяльник», «спрыг», «смолк-трава», «краснушка», «пустодом», «маточник», «ревенка», «мельничник», «синовод», «степник», «шелковица», «хмызок», «яровник», «виноход», «ненадычка», «петушковы яблоки», «ницалоза» и мн. др.

В лечебных целях чаще всего используют листья и цветки иван-чая, собираемые в период цветения этого растения (реже для лекарственных нужд используют стебли и корневища кипрея). Технология приготовления иван-чая включает в себя сбор растительного сырья и дальнейшее его подвяливание, измельчение, ферментацию и сушку.

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